The Death Of Julius Caesar - 1850 Words

The Death of Julius Caesar: The tipping point in the start of the Liberator’s Civil War. Jonathan M. Bailey World Civilization to 1500 Instructor Ron DeWitt February 3, 2015 The Death of Julius Caesar: The tipping point in the start of the Liberator’s civil war. Often, I’ve heard about the story of Julius Caesar, his triumphs and falls. In reading more about the man, I wondered about his life and his death. Particularly, I felt certain that his death was the fuel that fed the fire which burned within the bellies of his avengers. I want to know more about the circumstances surrounding his death and the message it sent to everyone around Caesar; his family, enemies and his people. Had he not been betrayed by some of his closest allies, Octavian would not have been compelled to avenge Caesar’s death. Therefore, the Liberator’s uprising might never have happened. I think about what might have happen if there was never a betrayal. Would the years of war still have ensued if his betrayers had opted to capture Caesar rather than murder him? I’ve always thought about the multiple probabilities. I was aware that Rome was already in a state of war and Caesar was not the most popular man among his people. â€Å"He treated the senate as his creature, and sometimes even with disdain. His enemies, quick to accuse him of aiming at monarchy, conspired against him.† (Craig, Grahm, Kagan, Ozment, Turner, 2011). However, this was not always so. He received his glory andShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Julius Caesar1106 Words   |  5 Pages the death of Julius Caesar became the most famous assassination in history. The death of Julius Caesar is placed in full context of Rome’s civil wars by eminent historian Barry Strauss. Moreover, the assassination itself was a complexly layered plan that was a direct result of Caesar’s power and leadership choices leading up to the fateful day. These key events leading up to the Ides of March—and the aftermath that followed—are important to understanding the immense effect Caesar s death had onRead MoreThe Death Of Julius Caesar1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthe principal triumvirate, Julius Caesar, Pompeii, and Crassus. Julius Caesar turned into the victor. He was then compensated despot forever. On the date September 23, 63 BC a kid was conceived. He was initially Caesar s great nephew. This kid would later develop to a force and change Rome for good. Julius Caesar had gotten to be tyrant forever. after 2 years he was killed by individuals from the senate. A young man named Octavian, was 18 years of age. Octavian was Caesar s stupendous nephew yetRead MoreJulius Caesar s Death And The Fallout After It1721 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar is one of his most monumental plays that cover Julius Caesar’s death and the fallout after it. He got the material for this play from a Greek writing called the Life of Julius Caesar. This was actually a famous biography written by Plutarch in the first century, I was later translated by Sir Thomas North in 1579. Published in 1599 this play is assumed to be the first to be ever preformed in the famous Globe Theater, it was a smash success that moved audiencesRead MoreJulius Caesar ´s Death: Analysis Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesShould Julius Caesar have been killed? This question has plagued history for years without a real answer. Julius Caesar was corrupt and all powerful, and his death saved Rome. It really is that simple; he declared himself dictator for life and ignored the Senate’s power. A man with that much power can only hurt a nation. Julius Caesar was a blood thirsty man. He fought everyone he could just to extend Rome. (Julius Caesar. ) He savagely killed anyone that got in his way. Many may say that he wasRead MoreThe Death of Julius Caesar, a Great Leader1034 Words   |  4 Pages Julius Caesar was a great leader of Rome. Not only did he lead a very strong army, but his people also loved him. The debate is always should he have been killed or should he have lived and lead us to more victories. The first document that was used in the debate is a primary source. It’s called De Vita Caesarum, Divus Iulius. The document is a biography of Julius Caesar and his life. Suetonius wrote the biography. Suetonius was a roman historian who wrote about the Roman Empire. It was writtenRead MoreThe Death Of Julius Caesar By William Shakespeare And The Rwandan Genocide1637 Words   |  7 Pages Warnings play a very important role in the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and the Rwandan Genocide in 1994. The omens and nightmares in the play foreshadow the death of Julius Caesar that later resulted to chaos in Rome. The events that lead to the assassination of Julius Caesar are predicted by omens from characters such as his wife Calphurnia, the Soothsayer, Artemidorus and from the environment. Similarly, many warnings in the Rwanda history triggered the genocidal slaughterRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1201 Words   |  5 PagesDellinger English II 4/18/17 Julius Caesar There are many people you may have heard of that lived during 100 B.C.- 10 A.D. in Rome. Some of those people include Marcus Brutus, Cleopatra, Mark Antony, and Julius Caesar. In this paper I will be talking about Julius Caesar. And while doing so I will be talking about his early/personal life, his career, and his assassination. Julius Caesar was born July 12. B.C. as Gaius Julius Caesar, to Aurelia Cotta, and Gaius Julius Caesar. Julius was born with the NeurologicalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pageslike Macbeth or Julius Caesar. The protagonists Macbeth and Banquo conquer the evils that face them throughout the plot. However, the nature of violence that takes place throughout Shakespeare’s plays is in relation toâ€Å"the source of the killing of the soul†(Macbeth and the Nature of Evil). In Macbeth, Macbeth is known as a superhuman warrior, the characteristics of being brave and having ambition. The main reason evil stirs up violence can be seen as examples in Macbeth and Julius Caesar, which is causedRead MoreThe Fall of the Roman Republic Essay625 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The die is cast† - Julius Caesar The expansion of Rome, the ruling of Julius Caesar and his death, and the civil war that followed his death all led to the collapse of the Roman Republic. The expansion of Rome created political, social, and economical changes. Politically, the government did not change to suit the expanding of Rome. The economic changes were that poor farmers could not afford anymore to compete with the estates run by slaves, so they sold theirRead MoreJulius Caesar s Assassination On Rome, Politically And Socially1717 Words   |  7 PagesThis investigation evaluates the question, to what extent did Julius Caesar s assassination affect Rome, politically and socially. Gaius Julius Caesar, famously known for his brilliant military strategies and shrewd political expertise, helped transform the Roman Republic into one of the greatest civilization in the western world. During his reign, Julius Ceasar expanded Rome’s geographical territory across Ancient Europe immensely, conquering areas of present-day France and Britain. The investigation

African Americans After The Civil War Of 1865 - 1226 Words

The American Civil War was ending and African Americans gained freedom, freedom from slavery and to live life as common folk. However, being set ‘free’ was not enough for African Americans to really experience what freedom was really like. Respect and rights of citizenship are by themselves weak in the ability to survive without also obtaining economic power. This paper will examine the progression of African Americans after the Civil War of 1865. The immigrant history of African –Americans is unlike the acclimation of any other migration of other ethnic groups with the ambition to live better lives. As one of the most important colonizers of the Americas, the British had the difficult task of seizing and securing land from Native Indians and creating frontier settlements. The fight to establish Caucasian presence was not absent from the blood, sweat and tears of many to survive long winters with the continuation of establishment of new colonies. With a massive transport of millions of enslaved African Americans across the Atlantic Ocean, Caucasians and African Americans were both performing tasks such as clearing of new land and tending to new crops so that colonization could continue to spread; and that it did indeed. In fact, colonization began to spread at such a rate that landowners began to become more dependant on the labor of African-Americans because it was more economically sound. Dependant on skill sets acquired before slavery, Slaves began to have variances inShow MoreRelatedThe During The 19th Century902 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferentiation between the gender roles, especially of the upper and middle classes. In 19th century, appeared the events such as African American Civil Rights Movement, Civil War, and The Women’s Rights Movement had put women and blacks’ role to a new level. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to support the soldiers. In the meantime, African sla ves had been set free or run to serve in the military among whites. Later in 19th century, the 14th and 15th amendment were ratifiedRead MoreAfrican American Soldiers During The Civil War902 Words   |  4 PagesMcCurry English 10 10 April 2015 African American Soldiers African-Americans served in the Civil War on both the Union and Confederate sides. In the Union Army, over 179,000 African American men served in over 160 units. More served with both the Union and Confederate units. This includes both northern free African Americans and runaway slaves from the South who enlisted to fight. By 1865, the South allowed slaves to enlist, but very few actually did. During the Civil War, blacks were treated like trashRead MoreChallenges Of Radical Reconstruction748 Words   |  3 PagesFollowing the end of the Civil War in 1865, the United States faced many political challenges. One of these challenges would include the reintegration of the Confederate states that had seceded from the Union. There were many questions and issues with exactly how these states should be reintegrated back into the United States. Another challenge that quickly came to the forefront, after the Civil War, was how to handle the millions of freed African American slaves. This challenge would entailRead MoreThe Challenges African Americans Faced in America963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Challenges African Americans Faced In America Raymon Rice ETH125 March 11, 2012 The Challenges African Americans Faced In America African Americans had a turbulent history in the United States ever since they were brought to the country as slaves. â€Å"Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco. (Slavery in America, 2012) During the 17th andRead MoreSlavery and the Civil War1281 Words   |  5 PagesEscaped slaves from the South helped the north to win the Civil War by increasing the number of soldiers fighting in the war for the north and by spying on the south for the north. With the help of escaped slaves fighting the South, the north outnumbered the south in battles, which eventually led to the North’s victory in the Civil War. Escaped slaves form the south also helped the north by spying on the south and reporting to Union officials who reported the information to the Union army. TheRead MoreEssay about The Reconstruction Era: The Planted Seeds12 31 Words   |  5 PagesThe first roar of the Civil War ended with a last gasp for air. Where in such a war more than six hundred twenty thousand men sacrificed their lives for their own belief in the abolishment of slavery (â€Å"Civil War Facts†). â€Å"We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom† (Baslor). These wise words of Abraham Lincoln cleared the way of a desolate trail of violence and pain, yet he was determined to accomplish his plansRead MoreHow Far Did Us Presidents Hinder Rather Than Help the Development of African American Civil Rights in the Period from 1865-1941?1644 Words   |  7 PagesHow far did US presidents hinder rather than help the development of African American civil rights in the period from 1865-1941? During the period 1865 to 1941, there were as many as 18 presidents in office and in one way or another, they would’ve had to deal with the ongoing issue of black civil rights, whether that be improving them or reversing them. 1865 was the year of the end of the civil war, which has been a war over the question of whether slavery should be allowed. The South was defendingRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Grave Cause Of Many Events. Many People1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil war was a grave cause of many events. Many people may see the results of the war as a chain reaction to many following eras. One of the most prominent eras that emerged from the civil war was the reconstruction era. The reconstruction era emerged around 1865 and continued until 1877. This time period generally refers to the time in United States history in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union. The States wereRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War876 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States has been involved in many wars throughout history. Americans have fought and died in many wars such as the war for independence in World War I to Desert Storm. One of the bloodiest wars in our nation’s history is without a doubt is the Civil War. Prior to the beginning of the Civil War, the country was divided by the issue of slavery. When President Lincoln was elected to office, several states seceded from the Union. During this war, â€Å"Over six hundred thousand men died, and hundredsRead MoreAwake of the Civil War781 Words   |  4 PagesIn the wake of the Civil War, Congress acceded to pressure to have the federal government intercede to secure African Americans rights.   What were some of the long-range effects of that government posture? The Union Victory in the Civil War in 1865 granted freedom to approximately 4 million slaves, however, the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period 1865-1877 brought a lot of challenges. In 1865 and 1866 under the supervision of President Andrew Johnson, new Southern

Descriptive Essay about Sunset Beach - 752 Words

Ever since Sunset Beach has been officially opened to the public, there has been a drastic increase of tourists present. Television programs concluded that at least a thousand people visit the beach everyday. Reasons for their stay are that they feel comfortable with the environment that surrounds the beach front, people who are at the beach are joyous and numerous activities to enjoy, and the fresh scent of the sparkly waters, make the visitors feel calm and pleasurable. So I decided to take a trip there. As I walked down the sidewalk, my nose picked up the salty scent of the sea breeze. I looked ahead and saw the gleaming beach in the far distance. Before me, the tranquil city along with the endless blue sea sandwiched the golden beach†¦show more content†¦Every ten to fifteen steps, I stop to hear the laughter and screams of people playing by the beach. Before I took my first step on the beach, I was astounded by the countless of people present at the seaside. Everyone he ld a happy expression on their faces. The females wore swimsuits and the males wore only pants. I could see all kinds of people, from babies held in the arms to teenagers jumping with joy. Most of the people came out with blankets or towels and enjoyed the rays of the sun while laying still on them. Just before the hot sand embraced all over my feet, I went to a clear area and started building my sand castle. As for the teenagers, they chat in groups with their friends under the coconut trees. I was also under a shade of a tower which stood like a tall tree. I found people on this high platform who wore red shirts and always staring towards the sea. The length of the beach stretches until it vanishes from the lifeguard’s supervision, but there were enough room for activities to be taking place. At that time several feet beside me were grown-ups starting a game of volleyball. There was also water volleyball close to the shore, but that’s when the sun was perpendicular t o the beach and the sand is scorching. Right in front of the tower, a water motorcycle contest was taking place. On my far right were adults teaching young children about surfing. Some were demonstrating on the sand and others were demonstrating on shallow water. NumerousShow MoreRelatedMy Childhood And Teenage Years Essay2300 Words   |  10 Pageschildhood and teenage years trying to understand the nature of my parents’ relationship and marriage. They have been together for nearly thirty-one years. After being a part of their marriage for eighteen years, I began to draw my own conclusions about their relationship: it was unhealthy. Rewind back to 1984, New Year’s Eve, this marked the first time my parents ever met. My mom and her girl friends were dining at a restaurant on the Upper East Side. Coincidentally, my dad was also eating thereRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCoaching and Counseling 244 Coaching and Counseling Problems 245 Defensiveness and Disconfirmation 246 Principles of Supportive Communication 247 Supportive Communication Is Based on Congruence, Not Incongruence 247 Supportive Communication Is Descriptive, Not Evaluative 248 Supportive Communication Is Problem-oriented, Not Person-oriented 250 Supportive Communication Validates Rather than Invalidates Individuals 251 Supportive Communication Is Specific (Useful), Not Global (Nonuseful) 253 SupportiveRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvironment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint LostRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages(alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-07-340334-2 (alk. paper) 1. Project management. 2. Time management. 3. Risk management. I. Gray, Clifford F. II. Gray, Clifford F. Project management. III. Title. HD69.P75G72 2011 658.4904—dc22 2009054318 www.mhhe.com About the Authors Erik W. Larson ERIK W. LARSON is professor of project management at the College of Business, Oregon State University. He teaches executive, graduate, and undergraduate courses on project management, organizational behavior, and leadership

Media Effects for Communities or Societies -MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMedia Effects for Communities or Societies. Answer: Media effects are the social responses that individuals, communities or societies express as a result of exposure to media messages. Media messages could be articulated to result to have an intended response from the audience or sometimes the response could be unintended. This field of study developed in the early 20th century during the worldwide conflict happening at the time, and by the end of the 2nd World War, a lot of research concluded that the media had limited effects on the audience. In the late 20th century more theories on media effects suggested that the media had a massive impact on the audiences. Therefore, scholars and researchers revisited the research field to reexamine the effects of the media (Ludes, 2008). New theories were established to explain media effects on attitudes and behaviors of the audiences. Media Effects Theories Direct effects theory suggests that audiences passively accept media messages and their responses are predictable. This theory assumes that media messages produce intended responses from the audiences. According to the theory, media messages have a greater influence on the society and could challenge stabilizing factors within present in the society. This there can be used to explain the effects of propaganda messages that have caused war in different regions in the world. The application of the theory in the contemporary society is minimal as people as getting more educated, and mass media outlets have increased therefore audiences compare information in different outlets before making decisions. The Agenda-setting theory of the media suggests that mass media determine what should concern the media rather than their views by prioritizing these messages. The media pays attention to these messages while issues to increase debates on the issue within the public domain. Audiences will tend to avoid issues that affect them as the media do not consider them as pressing issues. This model shows that the media determines what the audience should talk and think about. This theory applies most in the current society as the media have become major champions for public policy formulation. Mass media promotes debates within the public which in turn increases pressure on the government to formulate policies on different issues. Uses and gratification theory states that the audience uses the media to satisfy their needs and desires which include entertainment, communication, and research. Different mass media users have different reasons and motivations for using a specific media. Different media have different roles in the society and depending on their impact and uses; users could choose them as long as they serve their needs. In the contemporary society, the causes of violent behaviors expressed by young people have been blamed on the media (Ludes, 2008). Many research conducted on violent behaviors among some youth show that they are a result of exposure to violent media. Media desensitizes people, and audiences with facing frustrating and depressing situations are vulnerable to these violent media to let out their frustrations. Symbolic interactionism theory uses the interactive aspect of humans to propagate shared symbols among the audience. The media uses this aspect to create symbols to influence existing shared symbols within the society. These symbols affect how individuals behave as the society has a major impact on how people behave. The advertising industry has capitalized on this theory to influence peoples attitudes towards products or services. Companies place a cultural aspect on products to increase their desirability for example; companies that manufacture luxury automobiles associate their products with socioeconomic class in the society as explained by Potter, W. J. (2012). The spiral of silence theory suggests that mass media influences the dominance of some opinions while blocking minority opinions from the audience. The theory suggests that the main reason for the lack of minority opinion in the public domain is the avoidance of isolation from individuals with the majority opinion. The minority opinion is silenced, and an illusion of popular opinion is created which increases pressure for these individuals to adopt the majority opinion. For example, many individuals living in radical Islamic Countries may not agree with the rules laid out by the government, but they cannot speak against it for fear of isolation and stigma they could receive from fellow countrymen and the government. Medias Negative Influence Blind Imitation Young people especially teenagers are majorly influenced by celebrities through media. They imitate what the celebrities do without giving a thought of what the consequences of their actions. Media has capitalized on controversial and wrong acts, and they have made them be blown out of proportion. At a young age, they want to look, flashy by imitating dress code and makeup and other activities that celebrities do that hit the headlines (Bryant Zillmann, 2016). Wrong Message Media constructs messages to inform, educate or warn the audiences but responses vary depending on how the individual understands the message. For example, media such as newspapers and television may provide warning messages on the negative effects addiction. These warning messages are not received in the same way thus others will take the messages in a negative way. The intent of spreading the message becomes an avenue for spreading the bad among the young people where many of them are at a stage where they experiment on anything. Some of the media content meant for entertainment such as violent movies has desensitized teenagers to have aggressive behaviors. Information Overload In this digital age, people are spending more time on media-related gadgets, for example, watching TV, surfing the Internet, reading a newspaper or listening to radio. Audiences are bombarded with information from different sources and sometimes have no time to process them and rationally make a judgment on this information (Bryant Zillmann, 2016). This information takes different forms including gossip, news, rumors, and content which may be relevant or irrelevant. Young people have become preoccupied with media content such that their social lives are no more. Media Addiction Many children across the world are spending more time on accumulating media content other than investing more time studying and engaging in outdoor activities. This led to a shift in lifestyles with obesity on the rise among the young population to unhealthy eating and spending more time indoors watching or surfing the internet. With too many media options time spent on exploring and they can take hours and more information is added to these media each day. Case Study Desensitized to Horror: Terrorism The 21st century has witnessed more horrors that have resulted from media desensitization across the globe. Mass shootings have been reported in different parts of the world and researchers have shown that the masterminds of these activities had been exposed to some form of radicalization. Some of the mass shootings related to terrorism witnessed across the world include the Orlando attack, Nice attack, Garissa University attack, Beirut attack and Bataclan attack is some of the deadly attacks that claimed several lives as noted by O'Kane, R. H. T. (2016). The world is facing more violence than it has ever witnessed since the 2nd World War. Many lives are being lost to terrorist attacks both in the West and East countries due to advancement in communication technologies. The media have aided the spread of terrorist propaganda through online forums in which they could recruit followers from different parts of the world (Townshend, 2011). Some of these attacks were homegrown, and individuals were radicalized online, for example, the Orlando Shooting was done by US citizens who had been radicalized online. Some attacks such as Garissa University attack were carried out by Al-Shabaab terrorists who have been radicalized to killing innocent lives. Radical Islam is spreading fast across the globe through the media both intentionally and unintentionally. ISIS has capitalized on media channels such as YouTube, Twitter and chat rooms in which young and disenfranchised minds are attracted by the sense of purpose that these masterminds promise them. The white supremacists on the other have an increased presence online with many some of its members such as Dylan Roof, and Elliot was radicalized and these platforms to violent actions such as mass shootings. These groups have manipulated mainstream media to spread their ideologies and initiate the public debate about their space in the society. These groups have ganged up to support narratives that support their ideologies on the media or even change intended meaning of media messages to suit what they believe is right. As suggested by the uses and gratification theory, media messages sometimes unintentionally radicalize individuals through filtering of information to suit their needs and desires. Media messages need to be carefully constructed to avoid misinterpretation to avoid fear and hate against individuals. Terrorism has heavily been linked to Islam. Therefore, moderate Muslims in the western countries are facing the consequences of the actions of the radical Muslims. There is a lot of hate and fear directed towards them because of the attacks that have been carried out in the name of their religion. Many innocent Muslims have been arrested and linked to terrorist attacks without actual evidence of their involvement. The media has helped in perpetuating this concept that all terrorists are Muslims through films and news (O'Kane, 2016). Non-Muslims have been made to understand through the media that Islam is a violent religion that believes in killing people. The media has a key role in the spread of information across the world, and due to limited media regulations, contents of all kinds reach the audience when it's still raw, and the audience are expected to process and respond to them accordingly (Townshend, 2011). The media should become responsible for messages they give to the public to ensure that negative impacts are reduced. Societies need to monitor what is being consumed through the media to ensure that morals in the society are not corrupted. Conclusion The media has the big role to play in the society; therefore, it must ensure that whatever content it gives the public must be carefully constructed to minimize negative influences it may bring to the public. Media should be regulated to reduce content that may compromise morals in the society. Parents, guardians, and teachers have a responsibility of ensuring that the content exposed to children and teenagers is monitored to reduce inappropriate content that the contemporary media offers. Governments need to initiate counter-terrorism programs to reduce the impact of growing terrorist threats across the globe. Through these programs, vulnerable youths are protected from these groups and are provided with services that keep them on track. All society members have a responsibility to reduce negative media effects on its members (Perse Lambe, 2017). References Bryant, J., Zillmann, D. (2016). Perspectives on media effects. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates. Bryant, J., Zillmann, D. (2014). Media effects: Advances in theory and research. Hillsdale, N.J: Erlbaum Burton, G. (2010). Media and Society: Critical Perspectives. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Feldstein, S. P. (2009). Terrorist ideology and the implications of radicalization. New York: Nova Science. Ludes, P. (2008). Convergence and fragmentation: Media technology and the information society. Bristol, UK: Intellect. O'Kane, R. H. T. (2016). Terrorism. Place of publication not identified: Routledge. Perse, E. M., Lambe, J. L. (2017). Media effects and society. Potter, W. J. (2012). Media effects. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications. Pregulman, A., Burke, E., Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.). (2012). Homegrown terrorism. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. Serapio, M., Singroy, A., Roumeliotis, I., Koksal, N., Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. (2014). Homegrown Terrorism: September 2014. Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Townshend, C. (2011). Terrorism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.